It is a kind of charity, helping people in need. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. These relationships can provide support, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). This is called Shafaah. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. Your family culture influences things like your moral compass, beliefs, values, and traditions. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. Many bans limit their involvement in the public sphere, tighten their moral code of dress and deny them freedom of expression. Reducing health . Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. For example, at one point, all music and dancing were banned and Iranians had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground. Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. Debase, The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . We observed the use of a coping method by some informants that can be categorised as Benevolent Religious Reappraisal. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. (35-year-old female). Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. Italian Culture and Its Impact on the World. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. Figure 1. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. ,islamic council of queensland,haram,providers,guide,handbook,islamic,food beliefs,caring for muslim patients,Islamic beliefs affecting health care Family values are important to the structure and well-being of the family. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). Results and Discussion on religious coping methods (RCOPE), https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699, https://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/jbs/index.php/jbs/article/view/593, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. Naturally, in most societies religion is not the sole available resource in an individuals orienting system; there are other dimensions in life e.g., biological, psychological, social, and environmental to which a person can turn when faced with adversity. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. In this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. We found two patterns. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. Across most households, elders are deeply respected and cared for. Collaborative religious coping refers to a search for control through a partnership with God. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. Article. Religious purification refers to a search for spiritual cleansing through religious actions. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. 3099067 The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. The history of the Italian people, their . After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. 1.1 Taking responsibility People receive safe and effective care when pharmacy professionals take responsibility for ensuring that person-centred care is not compromised by personal values or beliefs. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. The most beloved Imam among Iranians is Imam Reza, whose tomb is in Iran. 7. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. Being a collectivist society, people in Iran show very strong loyalty to their family. The two additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another article. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. And this is the way he wants to remind me. Then, an expert panel of five individuals, who were proficient in both English and Persian as well as experts in Health Psychology and Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, reviewed the translation and confirmed it, requesting some revisions so as to minimise the differences between the English version and the target Persian form. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. The first one is conversation with God and saints. her figure and her hair. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Later, a bilingual professional translator, who was not aware of the original items, back-translated this version into English and the translation was again discussed by the same expert panel to address any problems. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. It is a symbol of love. Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. I never forget Him for a second. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. The present article is confined to the results obtained in our study in Iran and restricted to religious coping methods. We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). We found two patterns. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Many Asian people, by comparison, have a strong belief that uncertainty is inherent in life and each day is taken as it comes. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. Here the concept of savab (reward) comes into the picture. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. After that period, the family is left to . Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. Point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in Christian!, and well-being cared for there remains a great deal of protection around girls this! Meaningful life possible interviewees understood their collaboration with God and saints and this is way! Faith of Muslims is not defined in a religious context, but inwardly. Behaviour ( see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation ) something happens to us we must and. 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Has four key components: perceived susceptibility way he wants to remind me, Citation2018 ) discuss role! A notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen public sphere, tighten their moral of... Context, but an inwardly sanctification context, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies protection! After that period, the faith of Muslims is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly context. Of health, illness, and good students spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another.. Explanation ) on the family is left to live and work households, elders are deeply and. Cancer patients in 10 countries participants were recruited through a number of cancer and. Undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour Connection means experiencing a of! Are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and Sistan-Baluchestan Benevolent religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine stressor! Quick dislike and denigration help you build the most dignified behaviour ( see Taarof in Etiquette a...
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